22 August 2025 – The Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs welcomes the International Court of Justice’s (ICJ) advisory opinion on “Obligations of states in respect of climate change”, which marks a major milestone in the evolution of international climate law. The Opinion strongly aligns with Albania’s legal submissions and affirms key principles long championed by the country and its allies.

The Court recognizes climate change as an “urgent and existential threat” and confirmed that all States, regardless of treaty status are bound by international law to prevent significant environmental harm, cooperate globally, and uphold human rights in climate action. The Opinion emphasized that states must act in line with the 1.5°C temperature goal and that failure to limit greenhouse gas emissions may constitute a breach of international law.

Key highlights include the recognition of a standalone human right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment; binding customary obligations to prevent harm and cooperate internationally; accountability for climate inaction, including fossil fuel subsidies and expansion; protection of vulnerable communities and intergenerational equity as guiding principles.

It is a significant success for the Republic of Albania and other States committed to climate justice and accountability. The Opinion provides a robust legal foundation for stronger national climate commitments, responsible investment regulation, and fairer global climate governance.

Albania’s leadership in the ICJ proceedings, and its commitment to climate justice and legal accountability, has further cemented its role as a principled global advocate. Protecting nature is essential for climate justice and a sustainable future for all.

For those interested in accessing the Court’s Advisory Opinion, along with Albania’s Written Statement and Comments, please refer to the following link: https://icj-cij.org/case/187